There is a range of theoretical and methodological domains, which might inform and challenge observational filmmaking in education. This chapter introduces and discusses relevant issues in phenomenology, empathy, aesthetics, observation, ethnography, filmmaking, technology in research, arts-based research, video used as data, video as a method, participatory video research, children's experiences, and children as researchers. Each of the sections highlights an area for critical discourse that might intersect with the adoption of experiential empiricism through research methodologies and methods encompassed by observational filmmaking for education.