How did Freud transform Brentano's version of the Cartesian tradition? This chapter provides a broad initial sketch of the basic elements of Freud's account of the mental, pinpointing how he reacted to each of the central tenets of the Cartesian/Brentano tradition. I argue that Freud retained most of Brentano's account while performing a precise "point mutation" on the tradition that separated consciousness from intentionality. I, thus, explain how Brentano's intentionality theory of the essence of consciousness and the mental provided a template for Freud's dismantling of the Cartesian tradition by Freud's accepting intentionality as the essence of the mental but disengaging intentionality from consciousness.