The consequences of the full entrance of sociology within the Italian system of higher education in the 1960s are the main focus of this chapter. After a brief description of the Italian centralized-but-fragmented "chair system ," the chapter describes the emergence of a new generation of sociologists, properly trained in research institutes and much more professionalized than their teachers and academic patrons. The 1960s were also the time for a revolution in scholarly journals, which quickly became venues for the publication of sociological work identified with a school, and a time of intense editorial work regarding translations of major sociological works from abroad. As sociology became an academicized discipline, non-academic institutions and research centers underwent a profound transformation that left them weakened and fragmented.