At the end of the nineteenth century, Etienne-Jules Marey and Eadweard Muybridge investigated the movement of the body in serialised form using new cinematographic techniques. These photographic experiments deeply influenced Euro-American avant-gard artists and thinkers of the early twentieth century, including the Cubists and Futurists, and artists such as Robert Delaunay, Frantisek Kupka, Marcel Duchamp, Theo van Doesburg and Thomas Eakins.