In this chapter, we deal first with the immediate reaction among Russian philosophers to the "Geat War" against Germany before turning to the criticisms of Kant from intuitivism, Solov"ëvian metaphysics, and common sense. The diatribe by a young philosopher Ern against Kant, linking the latter to German militarism met with consternation and criticism. However, criticisms of Kant came from several philosophical directions, some of which upheld various aspects of Kant's thought. We, then, turn to two disciples of Marburg neo-Kantianism.