The present paper explores the contribution of the Slovak scholar Anton Popovič (1933–1984) to translation studies from the end of the 1960s until the beginning of the 1980s. It mentions the theoretical and methodological underpinnings of Popovič’s work (particularly Jiří Levý and František Miko), briefly analyzes Popovič’s most important publications within the field of translation studies, and discusses criticisms as well as inspirations of his conception of translation. The paper concludes with an evaluation of Popovič’s role in developing the field of Czechoslovak and international translation studies, most importantly of descriptive translation studies and the manipulation school.