With only slight exaggeration, Frank Parkin once stated that "Inside every neo-Marxist there seems to be a Weberian struggling to get oat."¹ Indeed, many in the Marxian tradition have turned to the analyses of Weber in order to remedy the perceived weaknesses of Marxian social theory. Although Weber was a political conservative, he is not the "anti-Marx" that he is sometimes portrayed to be. Weber himself stated. that his exploration of the religious roots of capitalist culture was intended not to displace "materialist" explanations but to complement them.² Repaying the favor, a number of thinkers who helped constitute what is known as "Western Marxism"—especially Georg Lakács, Max Horkheimer and Theodor Adorno, and Herbert Marcuse—drew on Weberian insights in order to deepen the analysis of contemporary capitalism and, in the case of Horkheimer and Adorno, in order to understand the defeat of Marxian hopes by the middle of the twentieth century.