Max Weber's vision of the disenchantment of the world is a powerful reminder of the tragic disjunction of scientific "progress' and political freedom. This vision reminds us that the rationalization of the world is not accompanied by a movement towards human happiness, "progress", and freedom, but may in fact preclude the realization of these ideals. The previous chapter analysed one possible route of resistance to this process, namely the pursuit of science as a vocation, which lends itself not only to the making of informed and thus responsible value-judgements, but also to the protection of the realm of ultimate values through the identification of the limits of scientific rationalism. The present chapter analyses a further possible means of resistance to the rationalization of the world, that of vocational politics. This analysis focuses on the possibility of resisting the modern denigration of ultimate values through engagement in value-orientated but responsible political work. This analysis proceeds as follows. First, Weber's ideal-typical ethics of responsibility (Verantwortungsethik) and conviction (Gesinnungsethik), which have been the subject of much contemporary debate, are examined in detail, and are analysed in connection to the ideal-types of rational action outlined in Economy and Society.