While Vogt, Moleschott and Büchner were the most well known and the most prolific authors of materialism, the title "materialist" was frequently attached to others as well. Some of these were well known for their work in other connections, but their pronouncements on the significance of science for society were sufficient to earn them the epithet materialist. Such was the case with David Friedrich Strauss, the Tübingen Biblical critic, and Moses Hess, the Jewish socialist. Strauss, although he never forsook his Hegelian training,¹ found nevertheless that his Der Alte und der Neue Glaube of 1872 was denounced as a materialistic book. Hess turned aside after 1848 from his devotion to the socialist movement and began studying science. From 1852 to 1855 he attended lectures of Parisian scientists and read the works of Vogt, Moleschott and Büchner, whereupon he took up his pen and began writing about the materialistic implications of science in the popular journals.²