A brief outline of some basic concepts of philosophy of science over and above being a worthwhile end in itself prepares for the application of these concepts as analytical tools in the main body of the monograph. Particularly, a syntactic view of scientific theories, axiomatic systems, the idea of falsification, and the dichotomies analytic/synthetic and a priori/a posteriori are surveyed. Finally, the logical structure of explanations and predictions according to the DN model is presented and exemplified.