The aim of the paper is an examination of the critical passages in Merleau-Ponty’s La structure du comportement to show the fruitfulness of Merleau-Ponty’s critical examination of scientific interpretations of behavior and of several case-studies. Further, attention is paid to criticism of Gestaltpsychology and transcendentalism. In the end the author tries to show, how useful Merleau-Ponty’s “inductive” approach and his way of argumentation used in the book could be for reading of his later works, as well as for phenomenological enquiries in general.