The aim of my contribution is to present one of the distinct examples of the development of phenomenological philosophy in Czechoslovakia in the second half of the 20th century, against the background of dissident activities of intellectuals and artists. Even though the situation in the Czech and Slovak environment differs, some common tendencies involving phenomenology in the interpretation of artistic production can be seen; specifically, this concerned action art, performances and happenings. In the text I will trace two areas of investigation: Firstly, we can find a range of common features of phenomenological and artistic practices that emerged in this period, concerning the exploration of the Self as well as issues of historicity. Secondly, the texts of the Czech philosopher and student of Jan Patočka Petr Rezek lead us to a phenomenological interpretation of these artworks. His contribution, dating from 1976 to 1981, can be counted among the original, and to this day, still very few analyses of action art from a phenomenological perspective.