Marx's writings on the revolutionary movement and the revolutionary state were set forth in the context of historical events and circumstances from the late 1840s through the beginning of the 1880s. The context includes the surge of the liberal democratic movement in Europe of 1848, the establishment of the First Workingmen's International in 1864, the establishment of the Paris Commune of 1871, the Gotha Program formulated in 1875 in the aftermath of the Paris Commune, and the role of the Russian democratic revolution in the advance of world socialism.