Stage 2 of Kohlberg's seven stage model reflects moral philosophies dedicated towards improving personal life and gaining personal advantage. For HRM this relates to performance management, performance related pay, and reward management dedicated to gaining a personal advantage. This level is concerned with ethical theories such as "moral egoism" with selfishness as its basic principle and placing subjectivity at the centre.²⁶⁰ Moral egoism is related to the moral philosophy of subjectivism as outlined by David Hume (1711–1776). Subjectivism is linked to "intuitionism" (Brouwer 1951) establishing principles on how to achieve personal advantages and benefits.²⁶¹ Hume's ethics is also linked to two other philosophers, Thomas Hobbes (1588–1679) and Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche (1844–1900).²⁶² While Hobbes locates the self at the centre, Nietzsche was more interested in how the use of others gains advantage over the self.²⁶³ Hence, Nietzsche's writings drew attention to slave morality, superhuman ideas, the herd mentality, and his work on the moral right of the strong to use the weak for their advantage.²⁶⁴ To outline HRM's relationship to moral egoism, selfishness, Hume's subjectivism and intuitionism, as well as Hobbes' and Nietzsche's moral philosophies, this chapter will start with the foremost fundamental ethical idea of selfishness.²⁶⁵