This chapter focuses on the early writings of Maurice Merleau-Ponty (The Structure of Behavior and Phenomenology of Perception). Firstly, an introduction to the science of phenomenology places the reader within the correct philosophical framework in order to understand the aim of Merleau-Ponty's work on the body. Concepts from these two early works, such as "the lived body", "the intentional arc", "motor intentionality", "structure" and "structure transformation" are presented. These concepts will be used in  target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6498-9_5">Chap. 5 as a new way to understand the "mystery" of psychosomatic pathology. Merleau-Ponty's explication of the meaning-constitution of the (lived) body solves many of the mind–body problems associated with psychosomatics. In this chapter (and  Chaps. 3 and  4), the philosophical groundwork for a phenomenological theory of psychosomatics ( Chap. 5) is laid out.